𓋹 Pharaoh Archive

Second Intermediate Period

16th Dynasty of Egypt

c. 1650–1580 BCE

The 16th Dynasty is generally reconstructed as a Theban line ruling parts of Upper Egypt while the Hyksos held the north. Its kings are known from a small number of stelae and local monuments.

Ryholt and other scholars treat it as a distinct group, but its membership, territory and dates are unresolved, and some historians fold it into the 17th Dynasty or the wider Theban record.

Period
Second Intermediate Period
Dates
c. 1650–1580 BCE
Rulers profiled
1

Rulers of the 16th Dynasty

Best-known rulers: Neferhotep III; Mentuhotep VI; Nebiryraw I. Every ruler profile in the archive for this dynasty, in the order used by the chronology. Each name links to a full profile with dates, background, sources and illustrations.

Major monuments

  • Theban stelae and limited local monuments

Key events

  • Regional survival between northern and Nubian powers.

Reading the evidence

Its composition, territory and chronology are unresolved.

Sources: Ryholt (1997); UCL Digital Egypt; Shaw (2000). See the full bibliography.