Period of ancient Egypt
Second Intermediate Period Egypt
c. 1800–1550 BCE
The Second Intermediate Period was a time of divided rule. The late 13th Dynasty, the 14th Dynasty of the Delta, the Hyksos 15th Dynasty at Avaris and the Theban 16th and 17th Dynasties overlapped, and Nubia was ruled by the kingdom of Kush.
The period ended when the Theban kings Kamose and Ahmose I defeated the Hyksos and reunified Egypt, beginning the New Kingdom. Many kings here are known only from scarabs and fragmentary lists, so the chronology is contested.
Key themes
- Hyksos rule in the north from Avaris
- Theban resistance and reunification
- Contact with the Levant and Nubia
13th Dynasty of Egypt
c. 1773–1650 BCE
The 13th Dynasty followed the 12th and ruled from Itjtawy for roughly a century and a half.
- Dynasty 13 — sequence and evidence overview
- Sobekhotep I (Sekhemre Khutawy)
- Sonbef (Sekhemkare Amenemhat Sonbef)
- Nerikara (Nerikare)
- Amenemhat V (Sekhemkare)
- Ameny Qemau
- Siharnedjheritef (Hotepibre)
- Iufni
- Amenemhat VI (Seankhibre)
- Nebnun (Semenkare)
- Sehotepibre (Sewesekhtawy)
- Sewadjkare
- Nedjemibre
- Sobekhotep II (Khaankhre)
- Amenemhat-Ranisonb
- Hor I (Awibre Hor)
- Sedjefakare Kay-Amenemhat (Amenemhat VII)
- Khendjer (Weserkare)
- Imyremeshaw (Semenkhare)
- Intef (Sehetepkare)
- Seth (Merybre)
- Sobekhotep III (Sekhemresewadjtawy)
- Neferhotep I (Khasekhemre)
- Sihathor (Menwadjre)
- Sobekhotep IV (Khaneferre)
- Sobekhotep V (Merhotepre)
- Sobekhotep VI (Khahotepre)
- Wahibre Ibiau
- Ay (Merneferre)
- Ini (Merhotepre)
- Sewadjtu (Seankhenre)
- Sankhptahi (Sehehenre)
- Late / uncertain Dynasty 13 rulers and damaged Turin entries
14th Dynasty of Egypt
c. 1800–1650 BCE
The 14th Dynasty is a line of rulers based in the eastern Nile Delta, most likely around Avaris (Tell el-Dab'a), that overlapped with the later 13th Dynasty.
- Dynasty 14 — Delta sequence, evidence and Avaris context
- Nehesy (Aasehre)
- Khakherewre
- Nebefawre
- Sehebre
- Merdjefare
- Sewadjkare III
- Nebdjefare
- Webenre
- Sekheperenre
- Yakbim (Sekhaenre)
- Ya'ammu (Nubwoserre)
- Qareh (Khawoserre)
- 'Ammu (Aahotepre)
- Sheshi (Maaibre)
- Fragmentary Turin King List rulers
- Unplaced or contested Delta names
15th Dynasty of Egypt (Hyksos)
c. 1650–1550 BCE
The 15th Dynasty is the Hyksos royal house, rulers of Western Asiatic origin who governed the north of Egypt from Avaris in the eastern Delta.
16th Dynasty of Egypt
c. 1650–1580 BCE
The 16th Dynasty is generally reconstructed as a Theban line ruling parts of Upper Egypt while the Hyksos held the north.
17th Dynasty of Egypt
c. 1580–1550 BCE
The 17th Dynasty was the Theban house that opened the war against the Hyksos.