𓋹 Pharaoh Archive

Second Intermediate Period

14th Dynasty of Egypt

c. 1800–1650 BCE

The 14th Dynasty is a line of rulers based in the eastern Nile Delta, most likely around Avaris (Tell el-Dab'a), that overlapped with the later 13th Dynasty. Its kings are known mainly from scarabs, seal impressions and the damaged part of the Turin King List.

Because the evidence is so thin, this page keeps the uncertain groups separate: rulers with a plausible placement, rulers known only from seals, damaged Turin entries and late names that cannot be placed. The dates are disputed.

Period
Second Intermediate Period
Dates
c. 1800–1650 BCE
Rulers profiled
17

Rulers of the 14th Dynasty

Every ruler profile in the archive for this dynasty, in the order used by the chronology. Each name links to a full profile with dates, background, sources and illustrations.

14th Dynasty

Nebefawre

main-line sequence; exact dates disputed

Sehebre

main-line sequence; exact dates disputed

Merdjefare

main-line sequence; exact dates disputed

Nebdjefare

main-line sequence; exact dates disputed

Webenre

main-line sequence; exact dates disputed

14th Dynasty — contested seal-name rulers

14th Dynasty — damaged Turin entries

14th Dynasty — unplaced / contested late names

Major monuments

  • Nehesy monuments at Tell el-Dab’a
  • scarabs and seals
  • Scarab seals and seal impressions
  • Turin King List fragments
  • Scarab evidence
  • damaged king-list traces

Key events

  • Regional rule in the eastern Delta.
  • Delta political fragmentation
  • links with Levantine communities.
  • Loss and reconstruction of the king-list record.
  • Late Second Intermediate Period fragmentation in the Delta.

Reading the evidence

The dynasty’s origin, start date and succession remain disputed; its overlap with Dynasty 13 and Delta seal-name rulers must be made explicit.

Some scholars place these rulers differently, including in later Hyksos-related contexts; the category records the debate rather than resolving it.

The damaged papyrus prevents secure identification, order and reign lengths for many entries.

Placement is provisional and should be displayed as contested, not as an established succession.

Sources: UCL Digital Egypt; Ryholt (1997); Shaw (2000); Ben-Tor (2007); Turin King List scholarship. See the full bibliography.