Period of ancient Egypt
Ptolemaic Period Egypt
332–30 BCE
The Ptolemaic Period begins with Alexander the Great's conquest of Egypt in 332 BCE, followed by the short Macedonian (Argead) phase. From 305 BCE the Ptolemies ruled from Alexandria, with Greek as the language of government and Egyptian temples continuing as centres of royal cult.
Rome's influence grew in the last century of the dynasty. The period ends with the death of Cleopatra VII in 30 BCE and the annexation of Egypt by Rome.
Key themes
- Alexandria as capital
- Greek and Egyptian traditions side by side
- Temple building at Edfu, Dendera and Philae
- Cleopatra VII and the Roman annexation
Macedonian Dynasty of Egypt
332–305 BCE
The Macedonian, or Argead, dynasty covers Egypt from Alexander the Great's conquest in 332 BCE to Ptolemy's taking of the royal title.
Ptolemaic Dynasty of Egypt
305–30 BCE
The Ptolemaic dynasty was a Macedonian Greek royal house that ruled Egypt from Alexandria for nearly three centuries.
- Ptolemy I Soter
- Ptolemy II Philadelphus
- Ptolemy III Euergetes I
- Ptolemy IV Philopator
- Ptolemy V Epiphanes
- Ptolemy VI Philometor
- Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator
- Ptolemy VIII Euergetes II (Physcon)
- Cleopatra II & III (co-regents)
- Ptolemy IX Soter II (Lathyros)
- Ptolemy X Alexander I
- Ptolemy XI Alexander II
- Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos (Auletes)
- Berenice IV
- Cleopatra VII Philopator
- Ptolemy XIII
- Ptolemy XIV
- Ptolemy XV Caesarion